メタボリックシンドロームジャーナル

A New Dimension of Codons for Protein Synthesis

Abstract

Jacob Varghese B, Khai Bui, Naomi Divall, Alexander Egan, Ali Kermani, Adam Lodge and Daniela Vollmer

Protein synthesis is a series of codon–anticodon interactions to buildup the polypeptide chains. The corresponding rule is that out of 64 codons in mRNA, 61 codons have recognizing ability of the 20 amino acids based on degeneracy except methionine and tryptophan which are coded by single codon. The remaining three are stop codons of mRNA sequence, which does not decode any amino acids in the protein synthesis mechanism. A fascinating study is how many amino acids are recognizing the high guanine-cytosine or adenine-uracil rich triplet codons. These data would be useful to find the copy numbers of transfer RNA that encode the amino acids having high guanine-cytosine triplet codons or adenine-uracil rich triplet codons in three domains of life (Bacteria, Archeae and eukaryotes). The four types of nucleotides compositions (guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine or uracil) have distinctly playing a central role in amino acid composition of protein sequences.