アラビアン・ジャーナル・オブ・ビジネス・アンド・マネジメント・レビュー

The major objective of the study is to develop a model and to test the relationship among liquidity risk and firm performance through its facets. The main facets of firm performance in the study are i-e profitability, firm size, leverage, share prices and earnings on assets. The present study mainly attempts to analyses qualitative, quantitative and contextual relationship of liquidity risk in Pakistan. Moreover, liquidity risk is less investigated in Pakistan and mainly regarding Islamic banking sector with respect to current data. Therefore, study is mainly investigated on the fourth pillar of significance i-e contextual significance. While, Islamic banking sector of Pakistan is investigated in current study. And the data is acquired from state bank of Pakistan database and through annual reports of the banks. Though, the study has supported past investigations results. Hence, the study has revealed key findings that will be fruitful for theorists, educationists and research scholars as well.

This paper examines the impact of political uncertainty (caused by the civil uprisings in the Arab World i.e., “Arab Spring”) on the volatility of returns for 8 Islamic banks and 11 conventional banks in the Golf Countries (GCC).By distinguishing between Islamic and conventional banks, we find that these two groups of banks react heterogeneously to the recent political turmoil. Our main finding is as follows. We document a significant small increase in the volatility of Islamic and conventional banks during the period of political unrests. Such difference is confirmed by further analysis in a various GARCH models. In general, the findings are important for the understanding of the role of the Arab spring on the financial stability of Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs), suggesting that they are of great significance to investors.

The article evaluates the role of financial engineering in the growth of the financial market. The study explores the plausibility of the assumption of the research topic stated above, using the financial market as a focal point. Specifically, this paper reports a theoretical examination that simultaneously considers the effects of these relationships between financial engineering, financial market and growth of the financial market, and the role of corporate governance as financial engineering and derivatives market growth, mergers and acquisitions. It encapsulates the role of technological innovation, market restructuring and capitalization, e-banking, cashless economy in that engineering financial market. The paper appraisals sound empirical ideals and opinions, and stimulate financial engineering expertise into philosophical interaction which imbibes laws and regulations into sequential growth and qualitative financial market. The paper holds, therefore that financial market enjoyed accelerated growth with holistic turn around when the objectives of these image makers are adequately aligned. It therefore recommends that policy makers should domesticate frameworks in that encouraging as well as supporting financial markets for accelerated growth and development. It however concludes that the policies reformation has not been properly enunciated with a corresponding framework to guide the objectives of ensuring stability and growth financial markets.

Today firm’s especially large one can’t be controlled and administered by single individual and if so, the performance of those firms is not as good as the decentralized firms. Now a day’s firm gives opportunity to each employee to participate in decision making and give them freedom to make their own decisions in favor of firm. We take the examples of Honey Well, Google, Toyota and different sectors of Pakistan. We also give a model of our study that explains how decentralization increases performance with the help of cooperation. The result of study is that the performance of firms increases as the decentralization increases.

Internet has extraordinarily changed the marketing concepts. Advancements in communication technology have given rise to the evolution of a new electronic form of word-of-mouth publicity i.e. Viral marketing communication (VMC). Viral marketing is a very effective tool available to the marketers today. Viral marketing has been used by various organizations using platforms like blogs, company website, social networking sites, etc. to promote their products. It is helping organizations to grow their businesses by adopting marketing strategies to reach out to their customers. Viral marketing can be used to generate brand awareness among large population in a short span of time and people can refer it to others. This type of word of mouth publicity can be a powerful factor to influence the purchasing decision of customer. This paper is an attempt to explore the factors that affect the customers’ attitude towards internet induced viral marketing communication. The study was done on primary data collected through self-structured questionnaire based on five-point Likert Scale. Non probability Judgemental sampling was used. Principal component factor analysis as carried out using statistical software (SPSS16.0.). The study will be helpful to marketing managers to understand customer preferences and target them in a right way. Appropriate use of these factors can help flourish their businesses.

It is implied that all entrepreneurial activities are subjective to competencies gained with time. So therefore, entrepreneurial learning process is explored. This study examines the influence of our strong beliefs, goals that are set and how strengthfull we are to create needs and ends to achieve that. This process to develop the competencies has been examined in the theoretical perspective. So, three areas the contextual variable, the cognitive learning and best practices of entrepreneurs are in the due process of learning. An integrated model of entrepreneurial competence based on social cognitive theory and entrepreneurship theory have been investigated yet how preferred learning mode actions controlled by beliefs of a personal role identity and role models are interrelated. The findings that entrepreneurial competency gained expertise are associated with controlled actions and entrepreneurial individuality. Though functionality may vary because of different goals of entrepreneurs, it can be said that an entrepreneur develops within his own self. So in fact we are studying the mechanized controlled actions, processed learning and entrepreneurial competency.

The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of rewards and leadership on the employee engagement in conventional banking sector of southern Punjab. Employee engagement is fully influenced by leadership, workplace culture, company reputation and reward practices. Satisfied workers have potential to work effectively and they always remain loyal to the organization. This research focuses to evaluate the impact of two covariates reward and leadership on the engagement of the employees. The data includes 50 employees of 5 banks selected from conventional banking sector located in southern Punjab. The results indicate positive impact of reward and leadership on employee engagement. The paper provides evidence to suggest that management focus to enhance skills of the employees through proper coaching, leadership, and motivation.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives are usually external activities taken up by corporate organizations to demonstrate their commitment towards social and societal betterment. But it is possible to bring similar results particularly in the domain of environmental safeguard and people welfare by ensuring effective operations management. This internalizing has the benefit of increasing the productivity and quality inside the organization besides serving the cause of social responsibility. Such operations management practices minimizethe damage to the environment, improve the working conditions, conserve the materials and help the organization to become responsible corporate citizen. This paper advocates the need to internalize the CSR initiatives by focusing on operations management and provides the necessary evidence through real life applications. Towards the end the paper also links clean, lean, and green manufacturing to CSR to make the process more attractive to the enterprises.