起業家精神と組織管理

Impact of Gender-Specific Causes on Women Entrepreneurship: An Opportunity Structure for Entrepreneurial Women in Rural Areas

Abstract

Cai Li1 , Naveed Ahmed and Sikandar Ali Qalati

The study aims to examine impact of gender-specific causes and factors on women entrepreneurship in rural areas of Pakistan. A sample of 342 were drawn from rural areas of Pakistan, by using Yamane, taro formula. Both males and females were selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected through survey close-ended questionnaire and analysis was done with descriptive and multinomial logistic regression on SPSS. The results indicate that gender discrimination, lack of female education, and access to capital are positively related, and are the main causes for women entrepreneurship in rural areas of Pakistan, whereas, illiteracy, restrictions, inferior status, women’s role in decision making, early marriages, negligence of government, family support, culture and tradition and men’s hold on markets, are the main factors that hinder women to become entrepreneurs. The present study provides key support for individuals and women entrepreneurs through a supportive environment, provide advanced entrepreneurial opportunities, help them develop new businesses. It contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the important role of rural women in social and economic development in order to explore an opportunity structure for entrepreneurial women in rural areas of Pakistan.