Janaki CS and Lokanadham S
Non-syndromic orofacial malformations do not manifest any symptoms. Various signaling pathways are important in lip and palate development, but the specific genes in these pathways that play a role in causing oral clefts in humans remain unknown. Orofacial clefts are related to 14q chromosome with its associated candidate genes like ISGF3G at 14q11.2, JAG2 at 14q32, PAX9 at 14q13.3, TGFB3 at 14q24.3 and BMP4 at 14q22. Previous studies excluded the pathways linked to candidate genes and their role in formation of orofacial clefts. Linkage pathways of specific genes involved in formation of orofacial malformations are not well established in humans due to different varieties of approach. More studies need to be established in understanding the pathways linked to candidate genes involved in orofacial malformations.
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