繊維科学および工学ジャーナル

The pore size is one of the vital morphological characteristics of barrier fabrics as it decisively affects their permeability and retention properties. Apart from fabric construction and material aspects, the pore size also depends on applied mechanical loads, which occur during typical usage life cycles. Among others, barrier fabrics such as surgical gowns are exposed to loads during their use. These loads have a significant effect on the fabric morphology which influences the permeability properties as well. In this study, a newly developed in situ pore size measurement method was used to measure the changes in pore size that occur in high density barrier woven fabrics under biaxial loadings and after cyclic loading. It was observed that, under tension, pore size distributions changed and mean flow pore sizes increased. Results revealed that the developed in situ measurement method has a great potential for the determination of pore size changes in barrier textiles under biaxial loading.

Butane-tetra-carboxylic acid (BTCA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) were added into cellulose spinning solution. The cross-linked regenerated cellulose fibers were prepared by spinning the solution into a coagulation bath of distilled water and then cured at high temperature. The optimum conditions were obtained according to the single factor experiments. The properties and structure of the fibers were investigated. FTIR and XRD show that the cross-linked fibers were prepared successfully and the crystal form of the fibers remain the same before and after cross-linked. The results indicate that the regenerated cellulose fibers prepared in this study possess more excellent wrinkle recovery ability and wash durability than those treated by finishing process.

In this study, the effects of ozone desizing treatment on the water absorption and tear strength of 100% cotton terry fabrics were investigated and the results were compared with those obtained by combined conventional desizing and scouring treatment. For this purpose, ozone dose, ozonation time and pile yarn length were considered as the factors. Ozone desizing process was carried out for four different terry fabric having different pile yarn lengths at two different ozone dose (500 and 1000 mL/minute), four different ozonation time (5, 15, 30, 45 minute). It was found that when the ozonation time or ozone dose increased the tear strength and abrasion resistance decreased, but the effect of ozone dose was remarkable on long ozonation duration. Also, it was determined that the combined conventional desizing and scouring process damaged the terry fabric much less than ozone desizing process.

This paper presents a comparative study of different 3D fabrics designed and produced to be used as mattress and seat overlays for bedridden or people with reduced mobility. Two 3D patterns were developed using a doubleweaving process. The effect of pick density and filling weft linear density on the thermal properties, air and water vapour permeability and wicking ability of the resulting 3D fabrics was evaluated and compared. The obtained results demonstrated that the fabrics produced with the pattern with less number of intersections and lengthier floats (striped channel structure), less pick density and finer filling weft yarns, depicted the highest air and moisture transfer properties, which makes them a better solution for a cushioning interface material.

Sarees are always known for its tradition and it normally exaggerates a pleasant mood and aesthetic feel to the wearer. Sarees represents the Indian tradition and it is usually worn by the ladies of adult age group. The sarees are produced with different styles, making the wearer so comfortable and as well as fashionable. Sarees are selected and worn according to various season and functions. The types of Indian sarees include silk, georgette, bridal and wedding sarees, etc. The saree is considered as a Universal feminine garment ahead of the countries it is worn. Most of the females like to wear sarees as to expose their pride and dignity. Apart from other types of sarees, Silk sarees are always preferred a lot since it enhances the beauty and elegance of the wearer. Costumes made out of silk are found to be a part of national festivals and traditional events. Sarees are always predominant in Indian weddings and especially silk sarees with ‘Pallu’ and gold embellished with ‘Zari’ border are its nomenclature. The Indians normally dress themselves in elaborate and colorful silk sarees on festival occasions. The vibrant colors, light weight, resilience, drapability are the unique features of Indian sarees. Indian silk sarees are manufactured with variety of colors, designs, weaves and patterns. Today the silk saree designs are undergoing a revolution and a variety of colours; designs are blends are introduced in the market in the form of designer sarees. This article elaborately analyses on the varieties in silk sarees from different parts of the country and the revolution in styles and designs that is taking place.

Knit wear industry is growing at a faster rate across the globe and technological innovations contribute a lot in the success of industry. Knitted cotton fabric is considered ideal for next-toskin wear. Knit wear fabrics are popular because of their excellent properties of comfort, softness, sweat absorption, durability and softness. The dimensional stability is a serious problem with reference to quality. Quality of the fabric is of prime concern in placement of new ties between buyers and manufacturers. Consumers, now days, are becoming increasingly concerned and aware of fabric quality and accept higher quality standards than ever before. Pakistan’s knit wear industry is lagging behind the world knitting industry due to its less command and control over quality awareness and implementation of quality standards. Various defects in knitted fabrics affect the quality but spirality is the most common fault that affects the single jersey knit wear fabric. Single jersey fabric is mostly used for T-Shirts, sports wears and under garments, so position of seam is very important in the exact shape of the product, more is spirality, more de shaped is the end product.

Our aim was to confirm earlier studies showing tcPO2 to be higher under clothing made with polyethylene terephalate (PET) fabric containing ceramic particles (CEL) compared to standard PET fabric. In previous studies PET garments were donned first to avoid possible persistent effects from ceramic particles. This study randomized donning sequence to avoid bias.
Methods: Subjects were randomized to don either PET shirts first (PETF n=73) or CEL first (CELF n=80), switching garments after 90 minutes. Skin temperature (ST), arterial oxygen saturation (O₂sat), and tcPO₂ were measured every 30 minutes.
Results: Baseline ST and O₂ sat were nearly identical in the two groups. Baseline tcPO₂ was modestly higher in the CELF group than with PETF: 66.4 ± 18.9 vs. 63.9 ± 18.8 mmHg (n.s). Independent of donning sequence, tcPO₂ measurements 90 minutes after wearing CEL were 6.7% higher than after 90 minutes wearing PET (p<0.0003). Sequence analysis found tcPO₂ in PETF subjects to gradually rise before and after switching garments, but tcPO₂ fell immediately after switching garments in CELF subjects. PETF baseline O₂sat of 98.1 ± 1.3 increased insignificantly after 90 minutes, and then increased further to 98.6 ± 0.8 after wearing CEL ninety minutes (p=0.0001). CELF baseline O₂sat of 97.9 ± 1.7 increased to 98.5 ± 1.1 90 minutes after donning CEL (p=0.0002) and fell to 98.3 ± 1.0 ninety minutes after switching to PET (p=0.0033).
Conclusions: The ability of ceramic-embedded fabric to induce higher tcPO₂ measurements is not due to sequence bias.

In this study-the ecological parameters of the effluents obtained from scouring and dyeing with reactive dyes of Remazol brand for conventional cotton single jersey knitted fabric as well as bio-scouring and dyeing with low impact reactive dyes of Avitera brand for organic cotton single jersey fabric have been investigated. The ecological parameters include chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), EC or conductivity, alkalinity and pH. Also some selected physical properties have been investigated for both dyed fabrics such as bursting strength, fabric drapability, color fastness to wash, color fastness to rubbing and color fastness to perspiration. The results of ecological test show greater ecological advances for using organic cotton, bio scouring and low impact reactive dyes than the conventional method and raw materials. In addition, the bleaching process has eliminated by dyeing with deep shade that results less toxic chemicals in effluent. The physical properties also showed better results of using eco-friendly fabric and processes.

Electrically conducting and additionally ferromagnetic materials in mix with fibers and textiles are ended up being compelling in shielding against electromagnetic radiation. Fine wires of copper, steel or silver mixed with textile fibers are the broadly examined materials for electromagnetic shielding. Composite yarns containing metallic wires and textile fibers delivered by friction spinning, core spinning or twisting are changed over into fabrics for EMI shielding. Mixing textile fibers with metallic wires enhances the textile attributes and process execution. One thinks that it’s difficult to weave a metallic wire in typical weaving machine rather a composite yarn, correspondingly to knit moreover. Be that as it may, metal coated fiber/yarns are monetarily accessible with great electrical conductivity and textile attributes.

The project work emphasizes the whole information about Engineering Stripe and Feeder Stripe design. Special effort was given to find the basic differences between feeder stripe and Engineering Stripe. This paper is also an attempt to understand about feeder and engineering stripe mechanism, feeding mechanism, tension variation in yarn feeding. Finally, the work revealed that the limitation of 4 finger, 5 finger and 6 finger engineering stripe machine. To continue the project firstly knitted fabric samples along with raw data of different machine parameters, fabric parameters and production parameters were taken.

To minimize water and energy consumption, it has become necessary to combine several textile processing stages in order to reduce the number of operations, process time and cost. In this project work an attempt was made to combine the pre-treatment process with optimal quantities of chemicals in single bath by varying different pH with the help of different buffers and comparison was made with conventional process. It has found that buffered system at pH 11 for 60 min shows the best result in respect to wicking test, drop test, immersion test, weight loss%, whiteness index, yellowness index. Then all the pre-treated samples were dyed with reactive dyes by varying the depth of shade. After dyeing it has been found that buffered system at pH 11 for 60 min can be selected for any depth of shades and buffered system at pH 11 for 45 min is suitable for dark shade. This kind of a one-bath process is shorter, consuming less energy and hence being less expensive. The combined processes also lead to substantial saving in water energy and time along with chemicals.

In this study an attempt has been focus on developing antibacterial finish using natural herbs. The cotton fabric samples were mordanted using natural mordants pomegranate and myrobalon. The mordanted fabrics were dyed with a natural dye Acacia catechu and the fabrics were finished with three herbal extracts of Tridax procumbens, Plectranthus amboinicus and Mentha piperita by using dip method and pad dry cure method. The Antibacterial finishes of the finished fabrics was assessed against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and concluded that the pomegranate mordanted fabric finished with Tridax procumbens herb using pad dry cure method gives the excellent result due to herbal imparted in fabric helps to protect the human beings free from skin infections, fungal growth and bad odour.

CAD plays an important role in creation of new designs and the production processes in fast changing global trade. Computer Aided Textile Designing software is the new concept for designing in less time of today’s era. Computers help to work easily in a short duration and more work with more production also. The application of Computer Aided Designing software is used in fields of weaving, fashion, embroidery, apparels, printing and knitting. Different weave patterns as well as combination of two or more weaves in development of products are created by Corel DRAW. The present study was conducted in Hisar and Panipat city. Different weave patterns were created through Corel DRAW. Total of eleven different weaves were created. Out of eleven top ranked three weaves were selected for creation of weave combination designs. Total thirty weave combination designs were created. Out of thirty designs top ranked six designs were selected on the basis of experts’ preferences. These six designs were selected for preparation of fabrics with different weave combination designs and color combination suitable for the development of the products. Thus, the prepared fabric used for the development of apparels.

The environment is everything in the world around us that surrounds and affects all life on earth. It provides all necessary goods and services to the biotic component within it. Garments industries may contribute more to the economy of the country along with taking care of the surrounding environment. Notwithstanding, working conditions in this essential division are poor. That is, they don't agree to work hones that guarantee the social welfare of their employees. The factories are experiencing tension to enhance their work environment security to worldwide measures. This study audits the writing on working conditions in Bangladesh's RMG part and the disappointment of its current work laws. A Primary research was done to gather qualitative information which was being investigated qualitatively utilizing illustrative and inferential insights. The survey was designed to collect information to analyse the present scenario of compliance practice in Bangladesh. The research was identified the causes and effects of occupational hazards and explores policy options and recommendations that can promote greater occupational safety in Bangladesh RMG sector. It will also aid us in rheostat the disability or death caused by occupational hazards on poverty status. The correlational analysis of health & safety strategies in working environment and designed usage in developed countries will help as rules for building legitimate health & safety prime for present garments manufactures and exporters.

Bleaching is the first step of textile wet processing. For successful dyeing in the subsequent process; proper bleaching is a must that’s why bleaching is called the heart of textile wet processing like carding is the heart of spinning. commercial bleaching is done all over the world generally in boiling or near boiling temperature that is 98°C to 105°C. But in this case the cellulose loses its strength significantly as the degree of polymerization (DP)decreases due to breakage of cellulose chain. To overcome this problem new technology has developed where bleaching can be done at 70°C. In our study we found that there are several advantages of low temperature bleaching over high temperature bleaching-lower damage of cellulose chain, less processing time, lower energy consumption, lower amount of dyes consumption to produce same depth, lower amount of auxiliaries needed. No negative effect on overall quality test results. So it is observed that low temperature bleaching has outstanding advantages over high temperature.