健康・医療情報学ジャーナル

To clarify developmental behavior in human embryos, we observed oocytes with in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection and donated embryos up to 5 days using our original time-lapse cinematography (TLC) system. The TLC analyses demonstrated several novel aspects and events that were not visible by intermittent stillframe microscopy. Here, we present the entire fertilization process in which we founded the fertilization cone, cytoplasmic flare, dynamic change of nuclear precursor body and cytoplasmic halo. We also demonstrated the occurrence of zygotes with a single pronucleus (PN) and uneven 2PN, fragmentation, blastocoel collapse during the blastocyst stage, and the hatching pattern of expanded blastocysts. Observing such morphokineses in human embryos will enhance our understanding of human embryonic behavior up to preimplantation.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck cancer usually found in the nasopharynx and arising mostly from Fossa Rosenmueller. The aetiopathogenesis has been linked to environmental factors, genetic susceptibility and Epstein–Barr virus infection. However, more recent data state that all the three subtypes of NPC tumors are associated to Epstein–Barr virus infection (EBV). Therefore we present cases of NPCs associated to Lassa fever virus infection. Lassa fever virus is a member of the arena viridae group. It is endemic in Edo state, which accounts for the highest number of cases of the disease in the country. Despite the magnitude of the mortality rate of this disease in Edo land, not much has been done by any institute to assess the long time effect of the disease on the endemic communities. We hence present two known cases of NPC in two confirmed cases of Lassa fever virus patients some years prior to the diagnoses of the NPC.

Background: Producing quality data for decision at all levels of the health system is a global imperative. According
to the assessment of the Ethiopian National Health Information System done by the Federal Ministry of Health and World
Health Organization, health information system resources, data management, dissemination and use were rated as “not
adequate” among the six major components. The aim of this study was to determine the level of data management
knowledge, practice and associated factors among Health Extension Workers.
Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1-22, 2012, among Health Extension
Workers deployed in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cluster sampling technique was used to select a sample
of 457 participants. A structured self- administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered using
EPI info version 3.5.3 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical packages. Descriptive statistics were used to
describe the study population in relation to relevant variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was also
carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable.
Results: The study revealed that 58.2% of study participants had good data management knowledge and nearly
three-quarters (74.3%) had a good data management practice. Workers who were supervised every 3 months [AOR=
4.204, 95% CI: (1.372-12.885)] and workers who have reporting formats in their office [AOR=2.631, 95% CI: (1.331-
5.203)] were more likely to have good data management knowledge. Moreover, workers who have of data registration
books and reference materials in their office were more likely to have good data management practice with [AOR=
5.661, 95%CI: (2.019-15.874)] and [AOR=1.870, 95% CI: (1.178-2.968)] respectively.
Conclusions: Data management knowledge was found to be low whereas, data management practice was found to
be high in the study area. Availability of reporting formats and frequency of supervision for data management knowledge,
and availability of reporting formats and data registration book for data management practice of respondents were
identified as significant determinants. Therefore, supplying adequate data management resources, modifying formats
and improving frequency of supervision are necessary tasks to improve the data management knowledge and practice
of Health Extension Workers in Ethiopia.

The emergency department (ED) is the canary in the coalmine for the healthcare system. The issues that EDs are facing are having adverse effects, and their causes can be better understood by viewing the ED as part of the entire health and social system. Policy decisions can be supported by sharing data across various health service areas, ministries and census data. Big Data research can support the integration and correlation of variables in large volumes of diverse datasets. Furthermore, the science of Visual Analytics can provide interactive visualization of the data to support evidence-based healthcare policy.

Nursing means trying to understand the man both in wellness and illness, from his/her birth to death, is to consider
the human existence as a whole and is to know him/her with all aspects. Helping the patient to conserve, sustain and
obtain all these described features make up the core elements of good nursing care. An individul is a whole of physical,
mental, social, emotional and spiritual dimensions and each of them is interrelated and interdependent to others. It is
crucial for the patient to be treated not only for the remediation of the organ but also to be approached spiritually in
holistic approach. This study aims to discuss the spiritual dimension for traumatic patients and to draw attention to the
importance of serving holistic nursing care.

Ultrasound is a mechanical vibration of its propagating medium and it is a kind of sound but not such ionizing
radiation as X-ray. It is inaudible by human ear, due its very high frequency, higher than 20,000 Hz, and usually several
1,000,000 Hz (MHz) in medical diagnosis. There are two kinds of diagnostic ultrasound. It is common to use regularly
oscillating very short ultrasound pulses in ultrasonic imaging device, to measure the reflection time of ultrasound pulses
from an interface to form image of interface. Since oscillation time is very short and the interval is long, the time averaged
intensity of pulse wave ultrasound is as weak as some mW/cm2, while its instantaneous intensity is as large as several
10 W/cm2. Continuous wave, however, used in Doppler fetal heart detector and fetal heart rate monitor has no peak and
only continuous and weak vibration, i.e. time average and instantaneous intensities are the same in continuous wave.
Since heating effect of ultrasound is measured by time average intensity, pulse wave and continuous wave have similar
heating (thermal) effect, while mechanical effect of pulse wave ultrasound is large, and it is small in continuous wave”.