公衆衛生と安全の国際ジャーナル

Objective: Information on the clinical characteristics and studies of the infected patients have been required from December 2019, When throughout the China and globally spread it rapidly after arose it in Wuhan city first. Day by day this COVID-19 virus is becoming a Global concern of the public health. At present, more than 19,000 people have died globally infected by coronavirus, while more than 400,000 infections have been confirmed in more than fifteen dozens of countries, according to the World Health Organization.

Methods: We methodically searched and reviewed PubMed, Pub Centre, Web of Science, and Scopus with the following terms: “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome”, “MERSCoV” and “MERS”, Medline, Google scholar, Embase, Science Direct, Clinical Trials.gov, Newspapers, World Health Organization websites, and the Cochrane Central Database of Randomized Controlled Trials and treatment conducted prior to March 20, 2020.

Result: We reviewed published research papers on Coronavirus total 260 up to February 2020. We found that SARS-CoV was transmitted from animal to human. There are several drugs are prescribed for the infected patients of coronavirus such as Interferon Alfa-2B is an antiviral or antineoplastic drugs, Lopinavir plus ritonavir as antiviral therapy and also moxifloxacin to prevent secondary infection. In serious shortness of breathing and hypoxia methylprednisolone, antibody transmission and antiviral drugs are also prescribed for the infected patients. From the biopsy reports of lung in maximum papers showed alveolar damage and hyaline membrane formation.

Conclusion: Overall this review article will help to understand the transmission process, treatment, diagnosis and pathogenesis of the coronavirus.

Introduction: The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic globally has evolved as a major concern and Healthcare workers (HCWs) working in the forefront, fighting the virus is at higher risk of contracting the infection compared to the general population. The aim of this study is to analyse the awareness of COVID-19 disease among final year medical students in the state of Kerala. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey based on a web based questionnaire carried out among final year medical students of two different government medical colleges in Kerala. The survey comprised a total of 18 questions and was to evaluate awareness about COVID-19, knowledge about the symptoms, modes of transmission and precautions for reducing risk of contracting the disease. Results: A total of 350 students were approached and 260 responses were obtained. Most of them were well aware of the source of infection and the modes of spread. Majority of the respondents also were knowledgeable about the different aspects of basic protective measures that should be followed in order to prevent the transmission of the disease. They also know regarding the period of home isolation, how it should be done and the others measures to be followed by family members during home isolation. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly and health care workers are exposed to the highest risk. The final year medical graduates have high knowledge levels regarding the spread and measures needed to be taken to reduce the transmission of the disease which can be attributed to the efforts by state and central government to create awareness.

The recent ongoing outbreak of highly contagious viral disease, COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 has sparked worldwide concern. Originally emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China; spread quickly across other areas and caused a major epidemic. In response to this serious situation, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a global public health emergency of international concern on 30th January, 2020, putting all health organizations on high alert. In China 84, 287 people infected with nCoV-19, which include 4,642 deaths as on 22nd April 2020. Although in China there has been a decline in the spread of the disease, the virus has spread rapidly to 200 countries around the world resulting in over 30 lakhs confirmed infections and 2.50 lakh deaths, and the trend raising on each passing day. Since there are no clinically approved vaccines or specific therapeutic antivirals available, globally most government authorities implemented some unprecedented measures to combat the nCoV-19 transmission. These include the suspension of public transportation, the closing of public spaces and management of communities, isolation and care for infected and suspected cases, and complete locked down to avoid contacting of residents with others. In this article, we systematically review currently available updated literature regarding nCoV-19 epidemic and clinical characteristics, highlighting the strategies adopted successfully by some countries to control the epidemic, which would help other countries respond to the outbreak.

The increasing daily rate of the COVID-19 infections in Ghana indicates that the various initiatives put in place to help curtail the spread are not being adhered to. According to self-affirmation theory, when individuals are presented with threatening health-related message they are most likely to respond in a defensive manner and in order to reduce this, one needs to self-affirm in other domains. It is therefore suggested that by integrating Ghanaian values into media messages on the safety and prevention protocols, Ghanaians are likely to accept and adhere to them.

Corona virus going globally affected a large population mostly with compromised immune systems including elder peoples or people with chronic medical conditions along with poor nutrition status. This study highlights the importance of nutritional therapy to improve the effectiveness of treatment and promotion of rehabilitation of sick patients along with reduction in mortality. Recommendations in this paper help to improve the nutrition management among the critical ill patients based on the individual’s nutritional screening, metabolism, nutritional choices and approaches to healthy nutritious diets to boost up their immunity.