経済学および管理科学の国際ジャーナル

Ethics is the branch of study that deals with what is good of action for humans. Ethics is a requirement for human life. Business Ethics and CSR refer to an individual's moral judgments about right and wrong. Decisions taken in an organization can be taken by individuals or groups (corporations), but everyone has to be influenced by culture. The decision to behave ethically is a moral. Everyone must decide how to act. Ethical decision-making can helpfully be thought of as a matter of marketing tactic/strategy. Marketing Ethics is an area of applied ethics which deals with the moral principles behind the operation and regulation of marketing. Marketing Ethics refer to making marketing decisions that are morally/ethically right. Marketing Ethics is strategic consideration in organizational decisions.

FDI inflows in Bangladesh have been increasing at a faster rate for the past few years. This paper examines the impact of FDI on the county’s export, employment

generation, and gross domestic product (GDP). This paper found FDI has a positive relationship with the export sector while incoming FDI has not any positive effect on

employment generation. It has also been observed that local private investment has a greater impact on the GDP growth of the Bangladeshi economy than FDI. There is

also inequality between sectors in terms of FDI inflows. The manufacturing and power sector attracting higher FDI whereas agriculture, services, trade and commerce are

neglected. It is important to mention that barriers such as weak infrastructure, low skilled labour force and labour unrest, social and political instability discourage foreign

investors from investing in the country. So, it is time to pay attention to these problems and search for remedies to attain a higher level of FDI.

To make private investment more attractive, most African countries have liberalized market and attempted to create enabling environment in recent decades. Ethiopia,

like many African countries, took some steps towards liberalizing market and the macroeconomic regime as well as introducing some measures aimed at improving the

investment regulatory framework. This study analyses the determinants of private investment in Ethiopia using a time series analysis over the period of 1975 to 2009.

The study gave an extensive account of the theoretical explanation of private investment as well as reviewing the policy regimes, the investment regulatory framework

and institutional set up in the country over the study period. It also undertakes empirical analysis to establish the determining factors of private investment in Ethiopia.

Our findings show that growth rate of real GDP, availability of credit, and public investment among others, have positive impact on private investment. On the other hand,

macroeconomic instability (liberalization), lending rate, and consumer price index (CPI) have negative impact on private investment. The results suggest that policies that

address only some components of macroeconomic instability may not be enough to revive private investment. Thus, the findings imply that liberalization of the market and

regulatory regimes, stable macroeconomic and political environment, and major improvements in infrastructure are essential to attract private investors to Ethiopia

There are indisputable differences between corporate governance systems in different countries. Debates exist about which system is the most efficient. The objective of this paper is to determine whether national governance systems are converging toward a particular (optimal) system of corporate governance.

The economic significance and benefits of foreign trade also known as international trade to the economies of developing countries cannot be over emphasized. Its role and

contributions to the gross domestic earnings, employment generation, economic development, and poverty reduction in these underdeveloped countries such as Nigeria,

Ghana, Benin Republic, and others have been too glaring especially in agrarian economies with fertile arable land.The main aim of this paper is to examine in-depth the

contributions and relationship between international trade and economic development of developing African countries.It further recommends that stringent macroeconomic

policies should be formulated that would encourage and increase the multiplier effect of these foreign trades. Part of these policies is targeted towards exchange rates, tariffs,

import and export duties, subsidies, and actions that would promote international trade.The research further concludes that foreign trade is a key macroeconomic driver in

any economy which needs to be encouraged in developing African countries as their multiplier effects have the potentials of driving the needed development goals of these

nations. And for this to be achieved, these nations must come up with workable localized macroeconomic policies that suit and drive their interest as against borrowed

economic policies from the developed European and Asian nations. This study made use of time series secondary data obtained from the World Bank (WDI) and the United

Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) of developing African countries for a period between 2000 and 2019. A forecast of 15 years was also initiated

using these data to provide a long-term insight into the benefits of these trading activities on the GDP of developing countries.

Today, company start-ups are constantly paying attention to meeting customer demand to protect their competitive advantage over their competitors. This research tested

four hypotheses on the relationship of strategic purchasing to supply chain management. The hypotheses were tested with a survey of purchasing executives and the results

were analyzed using a regression analysis. All of the hypothesized relationships were supported. The results indicate that strategic purchasing is positively related to supplier

responsiveness, changes in the supplier market, supplier communication and the firm’s performance. Managerial and research implications are discussed