経済学および管理科学の国際ジャーナル

Evidence reveals that health outcomes of all nations have improved dramatically globally during the 21st century; however, enormous disparities still exist between Nigeria and other developing countries. For instance, Nigeria has the third highest infant mortality rate in the world after India and Pakistan; while in every single day, Nigeria loses an estimated of 2,300 under-five year olds children which also makes her the second largest contributor to under-five mortality rates worldwide after Republic of Chad. Therefore, this study present exploratory comparative analysis on health sector financing across countries in Africa with emphasize on Nigeria. The trend analysis of the study reveals that the direction of governments’ priorities and commitments in terms of health spending and resources devoted to health sectors have led to the glaring disparities in health indicators (life expectancy, infant and under-five mortality rates) with Nigeria lagging behind. The findings of the study further suggest that Nigeria needs to strengthen efforts towards improving health status of her citizens through restructuring her health sector.

For decades economists have devoted attention to issues of valuing public goods. However, such studies do not exist in case of Slovak economy. In this paper we aim to evaluate willingness to pay (WTP) for agricultural landscape in Slovakia by using the Contingent valuation method. Our research objectives prioritises how the public values agricultural landscape held by small and large farms Majority of Slovak farms are identified large in size compared to the EU28. As shown by our results the WTP for landscape offered by large farms is 23.88 Euros per individual per calendar year. These results provide important insights for decision makers, policy makers and social scientists.

The important theoretical background directed to interpretation of economic models in different countries and regional cooperation scheme. It is relevant research topic because in various systems of interaction among nations there are particular methods of making the economical operations. Unified economic projects influenced by other spheres of interaction among regions, between countries as education, transport cooperation, industrial collaboration, humanitarian interaction. The research detailed the arguments of theory and practical experience of cooperation between different economical systems of States with appropriate results in common projects, their implementation results.

This research uses elasticity analysis to evaluate the impact of pricing innovation on the commercial performance of telecommunication industry Companies in Congo Brazzaville. As a first step, this study develops a refined analysis grid of product innovations according to their content, their "localization" in the company's offer or organization, and the degree of impact they introduce. It has been found that the innovation of telecommunications companies is based on the complicity product price. An innovation products and prices on the market, causing the increase of subscribers, and causing a buying behavior calling them to a high degree of consumption. This triggers an increase in production, therefore increase in sales or the financial indicator, thus encouraging growth on the income rates profitable to businesses. That is why this work has identified the determinants of innovation produced within the telecommunications companies in Congo Brazzaville. This is based on a joint investigation carried out mainly by 4 companies, notably MTN, AIRTEL, WARID and AZUR, which we found more productive and representative in terms of innovation factors and performance indicators. The quantitative data was collected from 2009 to 2016 through the Regulatory Agency of Telecommunication in Congo, convenience sampling was then employed to select four (4) companies. The quantitative data generated from this study was analyzed using Eviews.

Microfinance development is one of the avenues that can potentially promote performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) especially in developing nations. Despite the development, MSEs continue to suffer from high levels of financial exclusion as well as low participation in microfinance. In the period 2011-2016, at least 2.2 million businesses closed largely due to financial exclusion and shortage of operating funds. In addition, only about 25% of the firms used microfinance credit in the year 2015. This level of usage is considered low in light of the microfinance developments that have taken place in the last decade. Therefore, an understanding of factors that affect participation of MSEs in microfinance is necessary for designing policies and products towards promoting greater participation in microfinance. This is because MSEs are key contributors of income and employment to the economy. Studies on determinants of participation have tended to focus on the household and not MSEs. This study drew data from the 2016 FINACCESS data set and estimated the determinants using a probit model. The results revealed that, age of firm owner, tertiary education level, financial literacy level, numeracy level, ownership of radio, possession of business permit and age of firm are some of the key determinants of participation in microfinance. It is therefore suggested that government and microfinance providers should encourage and upscale financial literacy programmes so as to influence greater participation in microfinance. In addition, the government should create incentives that will increase acquisition of permits and licences by MSEs.

The present study tries to establish the causal relationship, degree of impact and long run relationship between stock market prices (Nifty 50) with regard to Real Gross Domestic Product and Inflation. Quarterly data from 2007 Q1 to 2017 Q3 has been used and techniques like Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Granger Causality Test and Johansen’s Cointegration Test has been used to establish the relationship and impact of Real Gross Domestic Product and Inflation on stock prices. The study found that (i) neither RGDP and Inflation Granger Cause stock prices nor stock prices Granger Cause them, (ii) RGDP and Inflation have no statistically significant relationship with the stock prices (Nifty 50) and (iii) there exhibits the presence of long run relationship between stock prices with regard to RGDP and Inflation.

In India several institutions are devoted in prompting women entrepreneurship. The Government of India has taken an active step towards Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in all the business areas. Institutions provide several schemes for initiation and sustenance of startups, specifically managed by Women entrepreneurs. The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises of Government of India has opened women’s cell to provide Assistance to women entrepreneurs. The Women and Child Development department has launched several Income generating schemes. In that they are providing assistance in setting up the training cum income generating activates for the needy women Entrepreneurs. This Paper aims to understand the different types of institutions in National, State and non-government level institutions, which are supporting women entrepreneurs. It doesn’t only deal with number of institutions helping or supporting women entrepreneurs but also evaluates the various schemes and benefits for empowering women in the field of entrepreneurship.

The paper is a discourse of why management theories fail, particularly in the African environment, and how to make them work in the context of Africa. The paper notes that most of the management theories are foreign to African environment and are inappropriate to African situations. It posits that a major reason management theories fail in Africa, particularly, is because they are applied indiscriminately without being circumstance/environment contingent. It therefore recommends that to make theories work in Africa, management theories must be indigenized, but beyond that, such indigenous theories must be circumstance contingent and managers must use them in a circumstance contingent way. The high points of the paper are that it brings to bear the arguments in the contingency theory of management and the relevance of the theory in management in Africa in contemporary times.