獣医科学と技術

In the realm of agriculture and animal husbandry, the domains of equine and bovine industries hold significant importance. From serving as sources of livelihood for millions to being integral parts of cultural traditions, horses and cattle have been companions to humans for centuries. As we move forward in the 21st century, advancements in research and development are reshaping these industries, promising improvements in animal welfare, productivity, and sustainability. This article delves into the forefront of equine and bovine research and development, exploring innovative technologies, practices, and challenges within these sectors.

Background: Zoonotic diseases cause significant health impact for animal and human population. Despite of, Dairy livestock production play a vital role in the economy, it can also be a source of zoonotic pathogen dissemination.

Objectives: It is aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of dairy farm participants concerning zoonosis.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March, 2022 to August, 2022 in Sodo town, using a questionnaire among dairy farm participants (n=123). The relations between the explanatory variables and the three indexes were assessed based on linear regression analyses.

Results: The overall positive response for knowledge, attitude and practice were 65.34%, 73.90% and 59.34% respectively. Moreover, 92.24%, 85.37%, and 80.49% of them knows eating uncooked meat, drinking raw milk and collecting aborted fetuses and placenta with bare hand as source of infection, respectively. Furthermore, 73.98% showed positive attitude towards risk of acquiring disease through consumption of raw meat and milk. Education level and age were positively and negatively associated with better knowledge, attitude and practice toward zoonoses respectively. Furthermore, farm type and its size and respondent’s role and their residence also associated with better practice of zoonotic disease prevention (p<0.05).

Conclusions: This result indicated that, education have positive impact on knowledge, attitude and practice about zoonotic diseases control and prevention. Thus organized training programs for the members of the dairy producers’ on zoonotic disease might enhance awareness on public health impact of zoonotic disease.

Pregnant women who are addicted on opioids are frequently treated with buprenorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid. Pregnancy-related buprenorphine pharmacokinetics is little studied. To find out the pharmacokinetics of intravenous buprenorphine in pregnant sheep, we performed a pharmacokinetic study. An intravenous bolus injection containing 10 μg/kg of buprenorphine was administered to 14 pregnant sheep with late gestation. Plasma samples were taken for up to 48 hours following administration. Using an LC/MS/MS approach, the levels of buprenorphine and its metabolite, nor buprenorphine, were measured in plasma. The lower limits of quantification for each drug were 0.01μg/L and 0.04μg/L, respectively. Noncompartmental analysis was used to calculate the pharma-cokinetic parameters. The median (minimum−maximum) pharmacokinetic characteristics were: Cmax 4.31 μg/L (1.93–15.5), AUCinf 2.89 h*μg/L (1.72–40.2), and CL 3.39 L/h/kg (0.25–Vss 8.04 L/kg (1.05–49.3), terminal t½ 1.75 h (1.07–31.0), and 6.02. Norbuprenorphine was not found in any of the plasma samples. Compared to non-pregnant sheep and male human participants, the median clearance in pregnant sheep was greater. Six subjects had extended terminal half-lives, and a high degree of betweensubject variability was found in the sample population using our sensitive analytical approach. Statement of significance: Pregnant women with opioid use disorder are frequently treated with buprenorphine. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of information regarding the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine in pregnancy. We performed a study on pregnant sheep because this kind of research cannot be done on humans for ethical reasons. The pharmacokinetic information on buprenorphine in pregnant sheep provided by this study aids in our comprehension of the drug's pharmacokinetics in humans.

In the intricate tapestry of life, animals play a crucial role not only in ecosystems but also in the lives of humans. From companionship to sustenance, animals have been integral to human civilization for millennia. Ensuring their health and well-being is not only an ethical responsibility but also a necessity for maintaining ecological balance and safeguarding human health. One of the most effective tools in achieving this goal is through the advancement of animal vaccines. These vaccines not only protect individual animals but also contribute significantly to the prevention and control of infectious diseases that can have far-reaching impacts. In this article, we explore the latest advances in animal vaccines, their importance, and the promising future they offer in protecting the health of both animals and humans.

Cross sectional study was conducted from October 2019 up to July 2020 in and around Jimma to determine the status of Ascaridiosis and parasite burden in calves. A total of 384 fecal samples of calves were collected and examined. Calves were selected randomly from 40 dairy farms included in the study purposively. Out of the total examined calves 21(5.5%) were harbor the parasite with 13 (61.9%), 6 (28.6%) and 2 (9.5%) were infected lightly, moderately and heavily respectively. Significantly higher prevalence of Ascaridiosis was observed in calves less than 3 months of age than calves with age of greater than 3 months (P<0.05). Likewise, significant variation in overall prevalence between local breed and cross breed calves were observed (P<0.05), higher prevalence of the disease was recorded in local calves. Significant differences in the prevalence between different body conditioned calves were observed; in which higher values were observed in poor body condition calves (P<0.05). In this study; age, body condition score and breed are risk factors associated with prevalence of calve Ascaridiosis in the study area. In the study area poor nutrition, awareness of the owner regarding the disease in calves is likely to be aggravated by this disease. Therefore, regular deworming, improvement of housing and feeding management should be recommended to increase the productivity of cattle in the study area.

The aim of the current study was to assess the major animal health problems and their impact on beef cattle production in Kumbi district of East Harerghe Zone, Ethiopia. The study was conducted from April 2023 to November 2024 purposively selected, and a simple random sampling method was used to selected households’ fatteners from each kebele and interviewed using structured questionnaires. The present study showed that the overall prevalence of the diseases was internal and external parasite 93.3%, bloat 53.3%, black leg 71.1%, pasteurolosis 71.8%, wound 71.8%, FMD 22.2%, and anthrax 13.33% which affect fattening cattle, respectively, in the study area. All the respondents (100%) involved in the study were experienced with deworming of their animals to protect from parasites. But, only 46.7% and 42.2% of the respondents have accessed veterinary services with limited regularity and vaccination program, respectively, in the study area. Hence, the beef cattle fatting sector should be supported through considering alleviating the major disease affecting this sector and encouraging the farmers’ indigenous knowledge practice with technology.