獣医科学と技術

The veterinary care market is expected to foresee positive trends throughout the forecast period. Substantial market growth can be attributed to the rising initiatives undertaken by the regulatory authorities. Government authorities collaborate with veterinarians and develop schemes that assure the availability of optimum inventory at fields for treating the farm animals. Furthermore, veterinary care market growth can be tracked based on animal health product consumption. An increase in demand for animal health products showcases growth trends for the veterinary care market. There has been a considerable demand for animal health products in Asian countries, and the animal health market is predicted to grow at 5.2% during the forecast period. Similarly, Latin America animal health market size is projected to reach around USD 9 billion by 2025 from around USD 5.2 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 7.3% during the forecast period. Thus, positive trends in the animal health market will have a subsequent impact on the veterinary market growth.

The award is to the experts who have made outstanding contributions to advancing in veterinary. It is the most significant award of the conference and tagged as a Scientific Service Achievement award. The eligibility criteria for achieving this award is that one should have a minimum of 20+ years of experience in the relative field in the public or private sector. The receiver of this award should have a dedicated fascination and should take initiative in researching the recent trends and developments towards the related subjects. You can nominate deserving of the award online.

Background: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, intensity of infection and management systems associated with gastrointestinal parasite infections in sheep and goats from 12 villages in the Bui and Donga-Mantung Divisions. Methods: A total of 704 animals consisting of 342 males and 362 females were examined for gastrointestinal parasites, out of which 383 were goats and 321 sheep aged 5 months to 7 years. Also, 463 of these animals were adult ruminants and 241 young (kids/lambs). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of stool samples were carried out using the McMaster technique. Results: The 704 stool samples examined, 630 samples were found positive with one or more gastrointestinal parasites giving an overall prevalence of 89.5%. Sheep recorded the highest prevalence (90.0%). Haemonchus species recorded the highest prevalence (18.7%) in sheep, followed by Trichostrongylus species with a prevalence of (13.7%) still higher in sheep; Strongyloides species showed a prevalence of 10.4% in goats, and Trichuris species showed the least prevalence (2.4%) in sheep. The mean intensity for Haemonchus species was higher in all the animal groups, 694.4 ±1904.2 in goats but 189.5±137.3 in sheep. Mixed infections of Haemonhus species and Eimeria species were most prevalent in sheep (19.9%). The prevalence of Trichostrongylus species, Strongyloides species and Eimeria species were significantly low in all the two animal groups in the study area. Adults were more infected compared to young stock animals (lambs and kids). Concerning the various management techniques, prevalence of gastrointestinal tract parasites was higher in free range grazing animals (95.5%), followed by tethered animals (84.5%). Animals confined in paddocks had a lower prevalence (76.8%). Conclusion: This study provides an important step in minimizing economic losses recorded in sheep and goats by providing information that will help farmers in these areas to practice the right traditional management techniques and strategic deworming methods, providing information on some medicinal plants that can be used to reduce the infection rate of these parasites on the ruminants.

A cross section study was conducted during November 2011 to March 2012 to determine the prevalence of Cysticercosis in animals, Taeniasis in human and estimate the worth of Taeniasis treatment in Holeta town. Active abattoir survey, questionnaire survey and inventories of pharmaceutical shops were performed. From the total of 400 inspected animals in Holeta municipality abattoir, 48 animals had varying number of C. bovis giving an overall prevalence 12% (48/400). Anatomical distribution of the cyst showed that highest proportions of C. bovis cyst were observed in tongue, followed by masseter, liver and shoulder heart muscles. Of the total of 190 C. bovis collected during the inspection, 89(46.84%) were found to be alive while other 101 (53.16%) were dead cysts. Of the total 70 interviewed respondents who participated in this study, 62.86% (44/70) had contract T. saginata Infection, of which, 85% cases reported using modern drug while the rest (15%) using traditional drug. The majority of the respondent had an experience of raw meat consumption as a result of traditional and cultural practice. Human Taeniasis prevalence showed significant difference (p0.05). An inventory of pharmaceutical shop (pharmacies, drug stores and rural drug vendors) revealed a total of 925,000 adult taeniacidal drug doses worthing a total of 3,006,250 ETB (Ethiopian birrs) during five years of 2006 and 2010. Vermox and Niclosamide were the most frequently sold drug for the treatment of Taeniasis, while praziquantel was the least sold drug. In conclusion, the study revealed high prevalence of T. saginata metacestodes throughout the edible organs together with existence of deep-rooted tradition of raw meat consumption. This may magnify the public health hazards of T. saginata in the study area. As a result, the disease deserves due attention to safeguard the public health and further promote beef industry in the country.

A study was carried out to evaluate in-vitro anticoccidial efficacy of methanol extracts of Azadirachta indica, Vernonia amygdalina, Nicotiana tabacum, Moringa oleifera, Croton macrostachyus, and Hagenia abyssinica against Eimeria tenella. None-sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella isolated from experimentally infected chickens and exposed to crude extracts concentration of 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, and 25mg/ml. Amprollium 1.5 mg mL-1 and 2.5% K2Cr2O7 used as positive and negative control, respectively. The result showed dose and time dependent sporulation inhibition, was seen in oocysts exposed to crude extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Croton macrostachyus and Moringa oleifera. The better efficacy was seen with Moringa oleifera. The higher and lower percentage of sporulated oocyst was (0%, 5%), (0%, 0.5%) in Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera, respectively. The study also showed that the exposure to higher concentration of crude extract (100mg/ml) produced greater proportion of oocyst wall distortion which was 6,000, 9,600 and 5,400 for Vernonia amygdalina, Croton macrostachyus and Azadirachta indica, respectively. Phytochemical analysis of this plants showed the presence of bioactive metabolites such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids and glycosides and flavonoids, which may contributes for in vitro anticoccidal effects. These results are of a major importance as contamination of poultry houses with coccidian oocysts is very difficult to control and all attempts to eradicate infections with Eimeria spp. Therefore further studies aimed to confirm the pharmacological effects of these plants, toxicity evaluation and in vivo studies need to be done before the usage of these plants.