精神障害と治療

Antidepressants can relief human human depressive symptoms-possibly association with human suicide events. The mechanisms of action for these drugs remain to be established. The patho-therapeutic relationships between mental genetics and suicidal risks have also been proposed more recently. To deal with the hot topic of suicide prevention and treatments, mathematical approaches seem revolutionary ideas. Hopefully, suicidal risks and therapeutic outcomes can be improved in the future.

This study investigated the differential effect of two treatments, namely self-monitoring of attention and selfmonitoring of performance on spelling accuracy using a multiple-baseline design across participants. Three fifth- and sixth-grade male upper-elementary school children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in two suburban, public elementary schools in upstate New York were taught a simple spelling strategy. Performance was selfmonitored through the use of a graph, wherein after each session, each student recorded the number of words they spelled correctly. Attention was self-monitored through the use of a MotivAider, a device that vibrated at certain timeintervals. Both visual and regression-based analyses indicated that neither intervention produced a statistically significant treatment effect, with respect to the percentage of words spelled correctly for all participants. However, it seemed that self-monitoring of attention worked slightly better for some of the students. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

The diagnosis of communication and behavioral difficulties in Saudi Arabia is currently still an emerging field and there are few governmental schools in the field of speech therapy in Saudi Arabia. These schools offer a bachelor degree in speech hearing rehabilitation, which started only a few years ago. For this reason, the number of Saudis certified as speech and language therapists is very limited, which has led to several issues regarding diagnosis, therapy and speech services in the kingdom being raised. First hand reports from trained speech and language practitioners suggest that it is common for children with a range of communication difficulties to receive a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, with other internationally recognized diagnostic labels (e.g. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD) being far less commonly used. Due to limitation of number of certified professional speech language therapists in Saudi Arabia, a number of teachers, psychologists and even some religious individuals claim to be speech therapists. They provide unauthorized speech therapy sessions without any experience or permission, in non-authorized centres such as private schools, private centers and even in their homes. This study is aimed at highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and the impact of unauthorized workers on children with ADHD and autism inside Saudi Arabia.

A comprehensive model of work-family conflict and family-work conflict for working mothers was examined and tested. Specifically, the hypothesis that time-based work-family conflict and time-based family-work conflict was expected to fully mediate the relations between work hours, work demands, and family demands on work and family satisfaction. The 677 working mother participants were well-educated and married, a limitation and consideration. Results demonstrated support for the hypothesized fully mediating model. Working mothers with greater demands and higher work hours had higher work-family conflict, and this in turn was related to lower work satisfaction. Working mothers with greater demands experienced significantly higher family-to-work conflict and subsequently had lower family satisfaction. Implications, strengths, limitations and directions for future research are addressed.