分子バイオマーカーと診断のジャーナル

Cardiotoxicity induced by systemic therapy poses a significant concern in the management of breast cancer, particularly in women undergoing treatment. The ability to predict and mitigate the risk of cardiotoxicity is crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in harnessing clinical biomarkers as potential predictors of systemic therapy-induced cardiotoxicity. This review explores the emerging perspectives and advancements in utilizing clinical biomarkers to identify women with breast cancer who are at a higher risk of developing cardiotoxicity during systemic therapy. A comprehensive analysis of recent studies and clinical trials is presented, focusing on the evaluation and validation of various biomarkers, including but not limited to cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, imaging modalities, and genetic markers. The emerging perspectives on harnessing clinical biomarkers for predicting systemic therapy-induced cardiotoxicity in women with breast cancer hold significant promise in improving patient care and outcomes. Continued research, collaborative efforts, and innovative approaches are needed to refine and validate these biomarkers, ultimately facilitating their integration into routine clinical practice and enabling personalized management strategies for this vulnerable patient population.

Chronic urticaria, characterized by recurrent and persistent hives and itching, poses significant challenges in terms of effective treatment options. Omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting Immunoglobulin E (IgE), has shown promising results in managing chronic urticaria; however, not all patients respond equally to this therapy. The advent of precision medicine has opened up new avenues for tailoring treatment approaches based on individual patient characteristics and biomarker analysis. This review explores the capability of biomarkers in evaluating the treatment response to omalizumab in chronic urticaria. Several potential biomarkers, including serum levels of IgE, IgE autoantibodies, and various inflammatory mediators, have been investigated as indicators of treatment response. By analyzing these biomarkers, clinicians can gain valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of chronic urticaria and predict the likelihood of response to omalizumab therapy.

Acute ischemic stroke remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating the need for reliable diagnostic tools and accurate prognostication methods. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the potential of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) biomarkers to provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. This abstract highlights the emerging research surrounding CSF biomarkers and their role in unlocking the secrets of acute ischemic stroke. By analyzing CSF samples, researchers have identified a variety of biomarkers that reflect different aspects of stroke pathophysiology, including inflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and blood-brain barrier disruption.

CSF biomarkers such as S100B, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) have shown promise in aiding the early diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, enabling rapid intervention and potentially improving patient outcomes. These biomarkers can help differentiate ischemic stroke from other stroke mimics and provide information on stroke severity and the extent of brain damage. Moreover, CSF biomarkers have demonstrated prognostic value in acute ischemic stroke, allowing clinicians to predict patient outcomes, assess the risk of complications, and guide treatment decisions. Markers such as CSF lactate, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and glial markers have been associated with worse functional outcomes, increased mortality, and the development of secondary complications, aiding in the identification of high-risk patients who may benefit from aggressive management strategies.

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection has emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC). Identifying reliable biomarkers that can accurately predict HPV infection and assess prognosis is crucial for effective management of these cancers. This study focuses on the role of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) as a promising biomarker in HPV-associated HNSCC. SOCS1 is a key regulator of various cellular processes, including immune response, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Recent research has highlighted its potential involvement in HPV infection and subsequent carcinogenesis in the head and neck region. Aberrant SOCS1 expression has been observed in HPV-positive HNSCC samples, suggesting its possible role as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. This comprehensive analysis explores the association between SOCS1 expression levels, HPV infection, and clinical outcomes in HNSCC patients. Multiple studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between reduced SOCS1 expression and HPV positivity in tumor tissues. Moreover, low SOCS1 levels have been linked to unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics, such as advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and reduced overall survival.