法医学ジャーナル

Official technical and scientific recommendations on standard procedures and quality control in the field of testing of paternity do
not cover issues relating to methods of subjects’ identification in the processing of paternity investigations that are compulsory for
the individuals – parental testing ordered by courts. The aim of this paper is to explore the main issues posed to forensic laboratories
when collecting samples for court ordered paternity investigation and therefore contribute to the ongoing debate on social and ethical
implications of parental testing and open up new dimensions of this practice.

Introduction: Rib fractures are the most common injury sustained following blunt chest trauma, accounting for more
than half of thoracic injuries from non-penetrating trauma. Approximately 10% of all patients admitted after blunt
chest trauma have one or more rib fractures. In United States they account for 10% of traumatic injuries and 14% of
all chest wall injuries. The incidence of flail chest is 10% to 15% of severe chest traumas. Material and Methods: In this
retrospective study, fatal cases of thoracic trauma autopsied during the period 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2010
were analyzed at the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences,
Mandya District, and Karnataka, India. Results: In the present study, 31.3% of victims belong to the 3rd decade of life.
Women were less involved than men with ratio of 1: 1.5. The mortality rate was 20.18%. The victims in most of the cases
sustained non displaced rib fractures followed by displaced fractures. 5th rib fracture were seen in eight cases followed
by 4th and 6th ribs fracture were seen in seven cases.

Objective: In the case of a newly born infant, either stillborn or found dead, the state of the lungs is of particular forensic
interest. The aim of this study was to determine whether lungs are adequate for pathological comment about stillbirth or
live birth of infant.

This present study was performed on cases of death due to compression of neck by any form like ligature material due to hanging, strangulation etc brought for
postmortem examination at mortuary of Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India during period of 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. A total of
1296 postmortem was conducted, out of which 152 were of compression of neck by means of any form. Out of them 143 cases were of hanging, 1 was ligature
strangulation, 1 was manual strangulation, 1 was of hanging with antemortem injury over body and 6 were under query as sign of asphyxia present over body
but ligature mark was not clearly visible. We observed that dribbling of saliva present in most cases of hanging but not seen in ligature and manual strangulation
cases. In query cases we had taken sample of cello tape which was taken on the paper from around the neck for presence of fiber & foreign bodies and its cross
match with ligature material. The final cause of death was given after receiving of FSL reports.

In many natural and unnatural death cases, where the cause of death is not certain whether the death was accidental, homicidal, or suicidal in nature then there we
need Medical examination i.e. Postmortem examination which become necessary during the crime scene investigation to find the cause and manner of death in
cases where victim body was found dead. To perform the medico-legal autopsy the medical examiner not need the permission of the deceased family or relatives.
Manner and cause of death can be described by the various examination findings and investigations results performed under the medical officer.