土木環境工学ジャーナル

The review presents and breaks down development measurements in development and structural designing, spaces which are found to linger behind different areas of science and innovation as far as advancement yield. In both academia and industry, research and development (R&D) receives particular attention. Eighteen of the field's oldest peer-reviewed journals, which have published more than a hundred thousand articles in the past fifty years, are used in the analysis of scientific production. The four verticals of new materials and systems (hardware), digitalization, environmental impact and novelty/efficiency are the focus of the study. The analysis reveals distinct rates of innovation for each vertical, some of which slow as innovation becomes standardized and commonplace, while others peak as a result of advancements in other scientific fields. The S-curve technology maturity framework, which takes into account development effort and time, as well as the widely used scale of technology readiness levels, is used to evaluate the results. In addition, a patent search of twelve key inventors and various technology areas is used to examine corporate innovation.

Due to the concentrated risk posed by urbanization, cities need to be resistant to unanticipated disasters and quickly recover from them. A city's resilience can be accurately measured through resilience quantification. Many existing examinations have zeroed in on and proposed a few systems on the quantitative proportions of catastrophe flexibility and the comparing research objects incorporate various sorts of debacles, different spaces and numerous levels. The studies on seismic resilience in civil engineering are among the most comprehensive of these research subjects. The dynamics of engineering facilities and engineering-related social and economic functions, such as city-scale engineering, social and economic functionalities and essential functionalities of building, transportation, lifeline and nonphysical subsystems of a city, have been the focus of studies on resilience in civil engineering. Consequently, the framework and specifications for the quantification of disaster resilience of civil engineering systems subjected to earthquakes and other unexpected disasters are developed based on a review of recent resilience studies. The subsystems and methods for assessing cities' disaster resilience are discussed. Resilience limit-state analyses of communities and buildings are also carried out, as are a number of case studies. Urbanization is accompanied by a rapid rise in urban population, which can increase the likelihood of disasters. Recent devastating disasters demonstrate that many cities lack the resilience to withstand and recover from disasters, which frequently result in significant casualties and financial losses.