生物分析および生物医学ジャーナル

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found usually in the stomach of a person with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers. More than 50% of the world’s population harbor H. pylori in their upper gastrointestinal tract. About 85% of people infected with H. pylori never experience symptoms or complications. Individuals with chronic gastritis and infected with H. pylori have a 10 to 20% lifetime risk of developing peptic ulcers, MALT lymphoma, the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and several extra-gastric diseases. No vaccines are developed yet and the bacterial antibiotic resistance has been a growing concern. Helicobacter pylori produce virulence and antibiotic resistance through quorum sensing mechanisms by generating AI-2. Inhibition of quorum sensing would be a novel approach for the effective treatment of antibiotic-resistant strains of H. pylori. Chemical nature of AI-2 is furanosyl borate diester which is generated from 4,5-dihydroxy 2,3-pentanedione (DPD). But there are no synthetic congeners of AI-2 and DPD compounds tested against H. pylori till date. Therefore, it is the aim of the present study to design some potent AI-2 and DPD compounds under the framework of pharmacophore modeling.

Background: Third generation cephalosporin are most commonly used cephalosporin, ceftriaxone being the most commonly prescribed. It is used to treat different types of bacterial infections. To assure efficacy and safety of drugs, they have to be prescribed and dispensed rationally. Drug use evaluation is a performance improvement of drug use processes to achieve optimal patient outcomes. The study aimed to evaluate the utilization of ceftriaxone in medical ward of Mizan Aman general hospital.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from March 15^th, 2012 to March 15^th, 2015. Medication records of 403 patients who were admitted and prescribed ceftriaxone during the previous three years to the study period were evaluated against the Ethiopian Standard Treatment Guidelines (2014) as a reference. Patient cards were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected by using structured data abstraction format.
Results: The majority of patients were female 218 (54.1%). The most frequent age group was adults in the range 25-34 y (35.8%). COPD, PUD and Bronchial Asthma were the most common co-morbid diseases which accounts for 9.2%, 6.9% and 5.7% respectively. Ceftriaxone was mainly used for the treatment of pneumonia (46.2%). Chest X-ray was the most commonly used evidence for the diagnosis. The use of ceftriaxone was appropriate only in 158 cases (39.2%). Most of inappropriate uses were seen in terms of duration of therapy (81.9%) followed by inappropriate dose (12.3%) and frequency (5.8%).
Conclusion: From this study it was observed that the most common indication of ceftriaxone was Pneumonia, followed by Meningitis. Most of the patients were improved and discharged from the hospital. Four to seven days were the most frequent hospital stay. The study also showed that there is high inappropriate use of ceftriaxone. The majority of inappropriateness was seen with duration of therapy.

Ethnic plants and there is in position association with their potentiality. Mainstream of the secondary metabolites are the fundamental therapeutics. Typically these ascertains in superior plants are pleasing all the time additional remarkable in medicine conniving. The present report, 100 diverse solvent extort of 20 ethnic plants from HK region were detected for their foremost ingredients of secondary metabolites. From each plant five extracts were successively extracted from non-polar to polar manner (gradually the polarity increased) for the revealing of secondary metabolites. Deliberate for the screening of secondary metabolites the decisive factor investigations commencement with bunch prudent for alkaloids dragendroff’s, tannin for ferric chloride, phenolics for lead acetate, glycoside for keller-killiani test, flavonoids for NaoH and saponins for foam test. The apparent sites of secondary metabolites in the seam of non-polar to polar have been sensible. The paramount discovery of alkaloids, tannins recognized at non-polar range while in centre polar flavonoids; tannins have been noticed. Glycosides and saponins completely establish at far above the argument polar. The outcome of the in attending report will be incredibly much positive for remoteness of varied group of resultant metabolites in amass the time, chemicals, vigour consumption in active portion drug design.

Background and objective: Cold chain’ is the system of transporting and storing vaccines within the safe temperature range of 2°C to 8°C. Evidence from studies conducted in different countries indicate that good vaccine practices are lacking even in developed and still developing countries. Limited research has been carried out in Ethiopia with regard to cold chain management of vaccines. Thus, this study aimed to assess medicines cold chain storage conformity with the national necessities in public health facilities of Nekemte town.
Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was employed in governmental health care facilities of Nekemte town from June to July, 2018. A face to face interview using semi-structured questionnaires was used to collect primary data among all health Workers. The collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS V.20.
Result: From the total of 99 study participants 55.5% were males. Among all the respondents’ more than half (59.6%) were ever attended training on storage, distribution and handling procedures of cold chain medicines. Even though the national guidelines recommends the storage temperature of most vaccines is between +2°C to +8°C, only about 44 (44.4%) respondents were practicing the recommended temperature range for most cold chain medicines stored in refrigerators. Majority, 69 (69.7%) of the respondents said that storage device equipped with thermometers. Similarly the study indicated that most of the health care facilities (56.25%) had a thermometer in refrigerator. Temperature monitoring being recorded was not statistically significant difference with the compliance with storage temperature (P=0.08)
Conclusion: The study revealed that less than half of the respondents did not comply with storage temperature as per the national standard. Indeed, all these affect the quality of temperature sensitive medicines and risk for public health. Health care facilities should develop and adhere to detailed written routine vaccine storage and handling plan.

The revolution of High-throughput Sequencing opens the way to personal genomics for millions of people. This technical breakthrough now reaches a new bottleneck: The ethical management of Genetic Data Privacy. Three key concepts are introduced here to overcome challenges of Genetic Data Privacy and unlock the true potential of personal genomics both for the benefit of individuals as well as for public health.