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Epilepsy is one of the most common and disabling neurological diseases. However, we do not fully understand the detailed pathophysiology and the basic principles of treating most epilepsy. This article reviews the clinical aspects of epileptic seizures and epilepsy, with the goal of introducing neuroscientists to areas where scientific research can be conducted. Defining epileptic seizures and epilepsy, reviewing diagnostic methods, discussing various clinical syndromes, and considering various aspects of differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, enabling neuroscientists to raise basic and translational research questions.

Photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) is a type of epilepsy where seizures are set off by visual improvements that structure designs on schedule or space, like blazing lights; intense, customary examples; or normal moving examples. PSE influences around one of every 4,000 individuals (5% of those with epilepsy).

Controlled clinical trials in adults with medically refractory focal seizures treated with the RNS® system have shown that closed-loop nerve stimulation that responds to epileptic foci can reduce the frequency of disabling seizures, is well tolerated, and It is acceptable security. The reduction in seizures begins at the beginning of treatment and continues over time, reaching a median reduction of 75 to 9 years of treatment. Treatment with sensitive cortical stimulation is also related to an improvement in the quality of life and cognitive function related to the functional area being treated. In addition, the chronic dynamic cortical EEG monitoring of the RNS system provides unprecedented insights for the disease management of each patient and the research of epilepsy itself, which can improve the treatment of epilepsy in the future.

Central epilepsies are portrayed by seizures emerging from a particular part (flap) of the mind. Central epilepsies incorporate idiopathic area related epilepsies (ILRE), front facing projection epilepsy, transient flap epilepsy, parietal flap epilepsy and occipital projection epilepsy. Central epilepsy might be treated with prescription, and sporadically with diet, nerve incitement or medical procedure, particularly if the condition is because of a scar or other injury in the mind.

In early 2020, Italy is facing an unprecedented health emergency related to the COVID19 pandemic. Medical care for chronic neurological diseases such as epilepsy has been seriously neglected. that. In this national survey, our goal is to understand the impact of blocking COVID19 on the care of patients with epilepsy (PwE) and to determine PwE risk factors for seizure deterioration to guide telemedicine efforts.