世界経済ジャーナル

Objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between people orientation of servant leadership and emotional intelligence, and compare how much this relationship is different to male and female. Globally, organizations use leadership as key factor to motivate and improve work environment while emotional intelligence to test and assist their employees’ psychological needs. This study will provide the detail impact of emotional intelligence on servant leadership and its facets of people orientation separately and will help organization to fix or improve health of variable under discussion. Survey and structural modeling both techniques were used to test empirical relationship between variables based upon 50 responses. Questionnaire (standardized) were employed to calculate two constructs. High validity and reliability were found for both scales and inter-item correlation was also established. Results shows that there is positive and significant relationship present between emotional intelligence and servant leadership, it was also found that emotional intelligence effect more on female servant leadership facets as compare to men. As practical implementation organizations must conduct trainings of emotional intelligence for employees and especially for their leaders to improve performance of number of variables affect by servant leadership at workplace.

Economic empowerment of women is mainly based on their participation in decision making process with regard to raising and distribution of income, investments and expenditure at all levels. The entire efforts of empowering women are to help them to exercise their rights in decision making at all levels both within and outside the households and enable them to be treated as equal partners in the society. Efforts are on to enhance the capacity of women to earn and ensure that they get access to and control the whole family or community assets. Various institutions are involved in the delivery of microfinance services, especially since the dawn of the 1980s. They include formal commercial banks, rural banks, and NGOs. Women are the major beneficiaries of MFI/Ps, and the destination of the funds mainly includes agriculture, trading, small craft, processing units and consumption. The administrative structure is, in general, simple and the entire process is participatory in nature. Women play a predominant role in our economy and there is always a dire need to bring them into the mainstream of economic activities by breaking out the shackles of old, traditional customs where women are by and large confined to household activities.

The paper examines the level, trends, growth and intra-sectoral allocation of Public expenditure on education. Finding indicates that quantum of expenditure on education has increased significantly since 2001, But still the actual amount of money spend on education sector is less than the required amount. The paper explores the trends of public expenditure on education, like, trends on planned and Non planned expenditure, Revenue and Capital expenditure. The paper also throws light on trends in intra sect oral allocation public expenditure i.e. expenditure on primary, secondary, higher education and technical education. Trends also found in expenditure incurred by State government and central government. Analysis shows that percentage share of State government has decline and the share of central government has increased. Some Trends has also been found in planned and Non planned expenditure on education. Share of former has increased and share of later has decline. No major trends have been found on Revenue and capital account expenditure. Capital account expenditure is meagre amount of the total expenditure.

For many decades, Kazakhstan has known as a main oil exporter. A key challenge is to develop its new exportoriented industries to avoid its dependence on oil resources. Examining the previous theories, the article aims to show the main ideas and concepts for developing export-oriented economy of Kazakhstan effectively. In the period of building new markets and facing barriers for increasing export potential, the study discusses and provides ideas on how to overcome present circumstances. As a result, it recommends focusing on new export-oriented industries and building new export policy as measures to improve export potential of Kazakhstan.

This research aims to provide guidance to companies seeking to initiate a process of internationalization, discusses possible strategies and methodologies that can be followed to succeed in this process. It is based on a case study focused on Inditex group, although it is a descriptive research, tries to give a clear focus to consider, on proven theories supported in addition to the strategic and operational structure of our case study. Our main results conclude in determining a variant strategy for each company, but can come from the same schema international diversification, which is crucial part of business development and its main strength should be good management skills.

In our studies, historical data on neighboring colonies of New South Wales and Victoria in 19th century are used to shed new light on an issue which has intrigued economic historians and economists: How is trade policy linked to long-term economic growth? It is found that Victoria’s higher protection restricted productivity growth directly, but stimulated it indirectly through the revenue effects of promoting greater infrastructure and a consequentially-larger population base.

This research tries to explain synthesized and concentrated way the history and fundamentals of Organizational Development (OD), understanding that this discipline is structured from some premises and budgets, partly resulting from searches and empirical studies, partly securities forming a priori ideological substratum of various areas of knowledge.

The paper investigates the Performance of logistics and economic growth nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, it is conducted using a panel data analysis on the basis of 19 sub-Saharan African countries from 2007 to 2014. Though the performance of Logistics is in its grass root level, it brings a meaningful change on economic growth. Inflation has a significant and negative effect on growth. However, financial development, proxied by private credit and broad money supply, is insignificant. The result confirms continues human development and an efficient, liberalized and well developed financial system are needed to bring rapid economic growth.

Notwithstanding a particular economy, exchange rate plays a pivotal role in the determination of major macroeconomic policies. Hence, the efficiency of the foreign exchange market in a developing country like Nigeria is essential with respect to broader macroeconomic facets including the monetary dimension. Accordingly, the current study examines the weak and semi-strong form efficiency of the Nigerian foreign exchange market. Employing time series analysis and examining unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, Wald coefficient test, impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis, it was found that the Nigerian foreign exchange market is weak form efficient but is inefficient in the semi-strong dimension. This reflects that participants would not be able to devise measures to extract excess returns from the market based on historical information, but can engage in profitable transactions once accommodating publicly available information together with historic statistics. Specifically, the possibility of predicting exchange rates of the Naira with other currencies emanating from the Naira-USD exchange rate is very high. Reforms and government intervention should look into making the market more transparent and accountable, which would not only abandon excess returns from the market but will also support export-oriented industries in the economy, foreign exchange reserves and a range of other significant macro-economic facets.