臨床および医療症例レポート

For some individuals with invasive bladder cancer, radical radiotherapy is a viable option to cystectomy, and postoperative radiotherapy may be justified in patients with a high risk of local recurrence. In this paper, we describe preoperative and postoperative radiation oncology consultations among bladder cancer patients in Ontario. Over the last few decades, the role of radiation (RT) in the treatment of urinary bladder cancer has changed significantly. Many protocols supporting the use of multi-modality therapy have recently been created, and the concept of organ preservation has begun to be revisited. Improvements in radiotherapy planning, verification, and delivery have provided a mechanism for optimising bladder cancer radiotherapy and overcoming challenges that have traditionally hampered the treatment's efficacy. They can improve the therapeutic ratio by minimising the amount of normal tissue irradiated, increasing the radiation dose, or using more extensive fractionation and synchronous chemotherapy regimens. These strategies show a lot of promise for improving bladder cancer treatment outcomes.

The term "neurological disorder" describes a condition that affects the brain and nervous system. In other words, a malfunction in a region of the brain or neurological system causes it. The illnesses affect the brain, spinal column, or nerves, and the symptoms vary depending on the site of damage. Physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that impact movement, communication, vision, hearing, and reasoning, among other things, may be present. The area of paediatric neurology has undergone a significant transformation in the modern period. The infectious disease and an international movement denouncing racial, social, and health inequality shattered an amazing positive trajectory of gains in patient treatment and research. Many illnesses, such as mental disorders and trauma, generate significant health problems but no or few deaths. As a result, various measures of survival and survivors' health state had to be merged to provide a single, holistic measure of total population health.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new technical field that develops ideas, methods, and application systems to replicate, extend, and expand human intelligence. The use of artificial intelligence in medical research has been a hot topic in modern science and technology over the last five years. Medical image recognition, auxiliary diagnosis, medication research and development, treatment scheme formulation, and other elements of gynaecological cancers require a wide variety of knowledge, and AI can help in these areas. In the realm of gynaecological oncology, AI will play a vital role in advancing medicine and accelerating the transition from traditional treatment to precision medicine and preventative medicine. For example, because AI is inextricably linked to human participation, it still needs to be "humanised," which means it needs to better protect patients' privacy and health, increase legal and insurance protection, and adapt to local ethnic and national circumstances. However, it is expected that AI, particularly ensemble classifiers and deep learning, will have a significant impact on the future of medical technology, serving as a powerful driving force for future medical innovation and change.

In recent years, deep learning (DL) has grown popular for medical image segmentation. Despite these advancements, DL-based segmentation still fails to solve some challenges. Some deep learning algorithms have recently made strides by including anatomical information, which is a vital cue for manual segmentation. Unlike standard medical imaging, the unstructured open surgery scenario, combined with our unconstrained configuration with accessible handheld digital cameras, makes this endeavour particularly difficult. Deep learning implementation, on the other hand, is behind in surgery. Despite the importance of visual discrimination during surgery, standardised imaging technologies are not frequently integrated into surgical processes, particularly for open surgery. Computer vision, on the other hand, presents a unique chance to aid and augment surgeons during surgery. As a result of this research, it appears that deep learning's use in medical science is now quite effective in the present period.

NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is a type of chronic liver disease that is linked to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. The condition can advance from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and eventually cirrhosis. Over the last few years, compelling data has established a strong relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, ranging from coronary artery disease to subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular mortality is the leading cause of death among NAFLD patients, according to long-term follow-up studies. Furthermore, NAFLD has been linked to endothelial dysfunction, increased pulse wave velocity, increased coronary artery calcifications, and increased carotid intima media thickness, all of which are known CVD markers. NAFLD has been linked to a number of CVD risk factors, including insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, chronic renal disease, and type2 diabetes, and is considered a part of the metabolic syndrome.