ビジネスと経済ジャーナル

Unemployment is one of the greatest concerns of economies. Strong advocacy for entrepreneurship development by way of creating an enabling environment for funding entrepreneurs to start own businesses and training to ensure sustainability is an international objective. This paper contrasts financial decision making orientations for credit union entrepreneur members and credit union employee members of Unitas and Stima credit unions respectively who share the same return on assets. Three objectives were pursued. First was to establish that higher entropy does not necessarily result into a higher rationality level. Secondly, the paper set out to show that a low error rate is an important factor that leads to higher rationality levels, which results to better financial performance. Finally, it sought to establish that updating rate is critical to long run financial performance. A 9-point Likert longitudinal data for 2005 and 2015 was collected and converted into probabilities. Since the probabilities are subjective, cumulative prospect theory decision weights function was used to transform them into objective probabilities, and then fitted into a multi-period Bayesian rationality model. Unitas members with less than half the potential of Stima members and a lower rationality starting point catch up with Stima members within the 10 years. Stima’s endowment of a lower updating period did not give it any advantage. The single all important factor is the updating rate, which worked in favor of Unitas credit union members. The paper recommends that entrepreneurial union members should be supported more by the government to accelerate wealth creation, hence job creation.

Individuals below a mandated threshold are prevented from investing in hedge funds (HF). The SEC regulates the HF industry. To qualify as an investor (or receiving “accredited investor” status), a person must apply through the SEC and meet financial requirements. Utilizing an indirect needs assessment, this paper will focus on the need to deregulate this legislation to allow individuals that fall below the mandated threshold to invest in HFs. This paper found that due to the performance of HFs in recessionary markets, relationship between AUM/returns, etc., non-accredited investors should be allowed to partially invest in HFs.

As regards to project success, there are Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) should be involved in the project management process, KPIs are organizational based. They have quantitative metric value and basically should be presented in term of management dashboard and be adopted by projects managers.

In Kenya, human resource office normally reports to the finance office. The finance manager allocates resources to horn the human resource asset; but has no way of measuring the expected output from his/her own end. This paper attempts to provide a metric for setting expectations for the human resource officer by the finance office; first by demonstrating that extrinsic motivation plays a more important role than intrinsic motivation, secondly, to show that corporate financial performance stimulus can be used to measure extrinsic motivation; and lastly, to show that activity based staffing maximizes employee output to optimally take care of high decision volume positions. Key motivation theories are revised and their components fitted around the concept of entropy from the second law of thermodynamics; information theory version. Entropy motivation theory that derives from binomial Bayesian decision model driven by geometric Brownian motion model is introduced. Subjective probability data were transformed into objective probability through cumulative prospect theory decision weights function. Two time-point longitudinal data were analysed. The results show that where low intrinsic motivation exists, strong corporate financial performance can stimulate extrinsic motivation. Total motivation obtains as a sum of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

The distinct feature of Bhutan is its special attention to peace, prosperity and happiness for its people. This research focuses on the expenditure inequality for 2007 and 2012 using various measurements including Gini Coefficients, Theil Indices and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. The results show that “between” rather than “within” inequality is the major factor contributing to the overall inequality. Thus, reducing inequality within rural and urban areas, within districts and even among the men and women should be the focus in future endeavors for better equity in the society.

Poverty is a condition or as experts say a disease of the society that is traditionally characterized by the lack or insufficiency of basic human needs, such as potable water, sufficient nutrition, health care, essential education, clothing and shelter, because of the incapacity to afford them. However, this term is relative, like in some developed countries; the measurement of poverty is manifested by the condition of having fewer resources or less income than others within a society or country, or compared to worldwide averages. About 1.7 billion people live in absolute poverty; before the industrial revolution, poverty had mostly been the norm. The formal term for the near absolute lack of resources is called Extreme Poverty, while the condition of being below the norms of developed society is called relative poverty. Given such, it is now generally assumed that poverty could not be eliminated because of its relativity, but its extreme condition can be alleviated. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) stated that absolute poverty is living below the $1.25 poverty line.

The main objective of this study is to estimate the determinants of the aggregate import demand function for Sudan during the period 1978 to 2014. The year 1978 was chosen because was the first year of devaluation as recommended by the IMF, and the year 2014 where the data were available. The study tests the stationary of individual series namely, domestic income, relative prices and exchange rate using the widely used the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Peron (PP) statistics and Johansen co-integration techniques to estimate import demand function in the longrun. The estimated results indicate that there is long-run co-integration relation among the volume of imports, domestic income, relative prices and exchange rate. The results of this study suggest that GDP has greater effect on the quantity of import than the other determinants (price ratio and exchange rate).

This study examines the impacts of interest rate on private consumption behaviour in Nigeria between the period of 1981 and 2014 using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co integrations framework. The data were sourced from the World Bank development indicators; interest rate was augmented with other macroeconomic variables like per capita income, money supply, and banking sector credit to the private sector as regresses in determining the behaviour of private consumption in Nigeria. The results confirm the existence of relationship between private consumption and its determinants, except real interest rate and the dummy for the impact of interest rate deregulation. The study therefore recommends increase in government capital expenditures that will create an enabling environment for the private sector to thrive so that the welfare of the citizenry could be enhanced

The present work seeks to approach the strategies implemented by Coppel, a Mexican company that is competing in the department stores market. This research introduces us to the strategies that the company which is within the leaders in this sector has implemented to position itself as such. This is largely explained by the theory based on resources and capabilities. The method of study is based on the review of theoretical literature and similar case studies that have been successful. The analysis of the results presents and describes the acquisitions, as well as the process of internationalization that have been part of the positioning of the company

The industrial zones play an important role in the socio-economic development of Thai Nguyen province. The authorities of the province and Industrial zone management are very interested in the evaluation of the investors' satisfaction in the industrial zones because this is an important information channel to help the province improve its investment environment and attract investors. This study analyzed and assessed the status of investment attraction policies and infrastructure characteristics of industrial zones by collecting and analyzing secondary data. In addition, the satisfaction of investors was analyzed and evaluated through data collection methods and data processing using SPSS 20.0 software. The research result shows that investors are basically satisfied with the Industrial Zones of Thai Nguyen province, especially in terms of Reliability, Assurance and Empathy of industrial zones. Some items in the scale Tangibles, Responsiveness have not yet been assessed at the satisfaction level but are Neutral level. Based on the status analysis, the study proposes a number of solutions to improve the investor satisfaction, contributing to the improvement of the provincial investment environment.