ビジネスと経済ジャーナル

Since Arrow's foundational essay on health economics from 1963, the scale of the health-care sector, the share of public finances allocated to health care, and the body of research on health economics have all expanded rapidly. The need for health insurance was sparked by Arrow's emphasis on the significance of uncertainty. The theoretical growth of health economics was supported by later advances in information economics, such as the potential of no equilibrium in the insurance market due to selection. Arrow also stressed the doctor's function as the patient's agent, and much later research examined the influence of the doctor's financial and other incentives on behaviour.

The invariable development of the financial market in the contemporary world encourages advancements in different forms of financial instruments. While derivative trading has become an important element of the stock market in recent years, the significant volatility of option pricing has resulted from the massive increase in stock market activity. A derivative is a type of financial product that attracts investors from all over the world. When two or more buyers/sellers have a contract whose value is based on a fundamental asset, each change in the value of the underlying has a corresponding change in the value of the derivative contract. For fair value pricing of options contracts, the Black-Scholes option model is often used. The pricing efficiency of options is investigated in this study by utilizing Greeks and Black-Scholes model values in the Nifty Index. This study aim of this study is to determine the most significant association between BSOPM (Black-Scholes Options Pricing Model) and actual market pricing by using Greeks.

Index options are tremendously risky and gainful derivatives, which are influenced by specific market variables like index value, time to expiration, strike price, interest rate, underlying index value, etc. We calculated the call option price, put option price, and Greeks of Nifty option using the Black Scholes model for November 2018. Greeks-delta, gamma, theta, vega, and rho are analyzed concerning their impact on options positions of each strike price, through which we tried to understand and measure different dimensions of risk involved in Nifty index option positions. The study concludes that the option values have an irrelevant consequence on the market values.

The importance of a favorable climate in determining FDI flows has been understood and emphasized in the economic literature for a long time. Thus, the inclusion of various measures of social and political attributes of host countries is not an aspect of recent literature for FDI. We can cite the studies of Basi who investigated the effects of political instability on FDI. However, in recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in this subject, with particular emphasis on the factors representative of the quality of institutions. A huge number of papers that address this will lead to a burgeoning literature on the effect of FDI on economic growth via the quality of institutions. Three factors contributed to the emergence of this interest. First, in North study, there has been widespread awareness of the important role played by institutions in shaping incentives for investment and economic activities in general. Second, there was a rapid growth in FDI flows in the 1990, and the growing interest of transition and developing countries in attracting a larger share of these flows. Third, foreign investors have shown a greater interest in the quality of institutions over access to conventional natural resources and view it as a potential location advantage in host countries.

The purpose of our research is to try to explain theoretically and empirically how and to what extent the quality of institutions conditions the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth? and this with the aim of drawing lessons for possible economic policies.

The two panel data models involve a sample of 110 countries, further divided into two groups: 40 PD and 70 PVD, using GMM system, our results show that FDI alone plays an ambiguous role in contributing to economic growth during the period from 1996 to 2017.

The major goal of this study is to look at the profile and potential implications of capital flows into BRICS nations Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa from 2010 to 2021, using Ral Prebisch's viewpoint on the centre periphery system. The technique utilised is hypothetical deductive, and the methodological procedure entails bibliographic research from articles, books, and scientific works on the subjective, in addition to the descriptive method and data analysis. In this way, it aimed to comprehend the concept of the centre-periphery system, which was first proposed in the 1950’s, as well as its characteristics; an overview macroeconomic panorama of countries from the BRICS is presented, followed by data from the international monetary fund, and finally, data from the world bank, analysis the capital flow profile transacted among the BRICS countries, above all from the financial account from balance of payments. It was verified that the peripheral countries have large speculative capital flows, short-term, compared to direct long-term investments. In addition, it was possible to determine the economic policy of these countries and their financial assets. Analyse the capital flow profile among the BRICS nations, particularly from the perspective of the financial account and the balance of payments. It was confirmed that the periphery nations had a high level of short-term speculative capital flows relative to direct long-term investments. It was also able to establish these countries' economic policies as well as their financial assets.

We look into the how college economics courses affect students' ability to make decisions. We are able to isolate the treatment effects of an economics education on students' responses to a decision-making survey by taking advantage of a Chinese college admissions system that assigns students to economics/business majors based on preferences and the cut-off scores for those majors on the College Entrance Exam. We specifically compare the survey responses of students who just barely meet the cut-offs for majoring in economics or business to those of students who do not, and we discover that those who have taken economics or business courses are more likely to be risk averse and less likely to be subject to common biases in probabilistic beliefs.