血管炎ジャーナル

Treatment Strategies for ANCA-associated Vasculitis: Recent Breakthroughs

Abstract

Alfred Jacob*

ANCA-associated vasculitis is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation of small blood vessels, primarily affecting the kidneys and lungs. Over the years, advances in the understanding of AAV and the development of targeted therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes. This article explores the latest breakthroughs in the treatment of AAV, including novel medications and innovative approaches that are reshaping the landscape of care for individuals living with these challenging autoimmune diseases. The cornerstone of AAV treatment involves immunosuppressive drugs like corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. These medications help suppress the autoimmune response, reduce inflammation, and prevent further tissue damage. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody that depletes B cells, has emerged as a game-changer in AAV treatment. It has proven effective in inducing and maintaining remission, often with fewer side effects than traditional therapies. In severe cases of AAV with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, plasma exchange is employed to remove harmful antibodies and inflammatory factors from the blood. Reducing the reliance on corticosteroids is a priority due to their long-term side effects. Emerging therapies aim to minimize or eliminate corticosteroid use while maintaining disease control.