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Prevalence of Cervical Cancer and Associated Risk Factors among Women Attending Cervical Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Center at Yirgalem General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Tesfahun Hailemariam, Bizunesh Yohannes, Hiwot Aschenaki, Engidawork Mamaye, Goye Orkaido and Mihret Seta

Introduction: A worldwide estimated annual case of cervical cancer is 493,000 and ends with 273,500 annual deaths. In developing countries, it accounts for about 85% of both its morbidity and mortality. According to the report from World health organization, globally in 2012, cervical cancer incidence was 7.9%, mortality 7.5% and five-year prevalence was 9%. In sub-Saharan Africa the incidence was 25.2%, mortality 23.2% and five-year prevalence was 27.6%. In Ethiopia the incidence was 17.3%, mortality 16.5% and five-year prevalence was 18.2%. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between 10/08/08 up to 28/01/2009 E.C. Data was collected from August 17th, 2002 E.C to 2008 E.C all charts of cervical cancer patients diagnosed and screened between August 17th, 2002 E.C to 2008 E.C at Yirgalem General Hospital was retrieved from cervical cancer screening and diagnosis logbook. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed using SPSS version 20. Results: from the screened clients, 16.5% had cervical cancer. From the screened and diagnosed clients those with multiple sexual partners had 40 times higher odd of cervical than those with no multiple sexual partners. This study revealed that being Human immune deficiency virus positive (AOR=9.033: 95%: CI 4.537, 17.985), sexually transmitted infection history (AOR=8.364:95% CI: 5.639, 12.405) and early age at initiation of sexual intercourse (AOR=8.968:95%: CI 5.588, 14.393) have statistically significantly associated with cervical cancer in multivariate analysis Conclusion: Of screened clients, 16.5% were with acetone white lesion and the risk factors for cervical cancer were having multiple sexual partners, human immune deficiency virus positive, history of sexually transmitted infection and early age at initiation of sexual intercourse. Early screening on mass campaign and focus from the government and other stake holders by strengthening both cancer prevention and control program and implementation strategies through due attention on the associated risk factors of the study.