Ze JJ, Atangana PJ, Bitchong Ekono MC, Afane Ze and Ngo Nonga B
Introduction: Very little is known about the frequency of the different etiologies responsible of pleural pathologies in Cameroon. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify the main etiologies of pleural pathologies based on the analysis of pleural fluid and pleural biopsy.
Methods: This was a one-year retrospective study that took place in Yaoundé (Yaounde, Cameroon). We reviewed the archived reports of cytological examinations of pleural fluids and histopathological reports of pleural biopsies done in 2009.
Results: A total of 547 pleural specimens were collected, of which 240 were female and 307 male. Tuberculosis was the most frequent pathology in both men and women and was found mainly between 20 and 49 years of age with a peak between 30 and 39 years.
One hundred and ninety-five patients performed both pleural cytology and pleural biopsy. The specific diagnosis was found in 177 (90.77%) of the cases. Overall, 152 (77.87%) specimens were diagnosed positive for tuberculosis by both tests, while 25 (12.82%) specimens were diagnosed positive for a tumor. Metastatic adenocarcinoma was by far the most frequent tumor in a total of 28 tumors, representing 89.3% of the cases
Conclusion: Tuberculosis is the most frequent etiology of pleural pathology in Yaoundé.
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