臨床感染症: オープンアクセス

Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Review of Recent Trends

Abstract

Anthony Philip

Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) are infections that have recently appeared within a population or are rapidly increasing in incidence and geographic range. These diseases can originate from various sources, including zoonotic transmission, mutation of existing pathogens and changes in environmental factors. The study of EIDs is crucial for identifying and mitigating potential threats to public health. Many EIDs have zoonotic origins, meaning they jump from animals to humans. The COVID-19 pandemic is a stark example, with the SARS-CoV-2 virus likely originating in bats and possibly passing through an intermediate host before infecting humans. Other notable examples include Ebola, HIV and the H1N1 influenza virus. Deforestation, urbanization and increased human-animal interaction contribute to the risk of zoonotic spillover events. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat.