Gordon
The Cancer vaccines and oncolytic immune therapy are promising treatment strategies with potential to supply greater clinical benefit to patients with advanced-stage cancer. In particular, recombinant Vaccinia Viruses (VV) hold great promise as interventional agents. In this article, we first summarize the present understanding of virus biology and viral genes involved in host-virus interactions to further improve the utility of those agents in therapeutic applications. We then discuss recent findings from basic and clinical studies using VV as cancer vaccines and oncolytic immunotherapies. Despite encouraging results gleaned from translational studies in animal models, clinical trials implementing VV vectors alone as cancer vaccines have yielded largely disappointing results. However, the mixture of VV vaccines with alternate sorts of standard therapies has resulted in superior clinical efficacy. Another novel cancer vaccine approach is to stimulate anti-tumor immunity via dependent Dendritic Cells (DC) through the utilization of replication-attenuated VV vectors.
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